The fax machine was really invented long ago. Alexander Bain invented the fax machine in 1843 and established a patent. He was a Scottish mechanic and his idea was an off-shoot of Samuel Morse's creation of the telegraph. In 1902, Dr. Arthur Korn made improvement to the machine adding the photoelectric system to the idea. AT&T worked to get better the technology and in 1924 shaped a means of transmitting pictures for newspapers over long distance. In 1955, the first fax transmission across the continent occurred.
Fax cartridges surround the toners which bonds to the fax roll paper using an electrostatic process. The transmission comes over the telephone line, audible to humans as a bunch of beeps and buzzes. The fax understands how these signals mean for the toner to be affixed to the paper to supply the exact image as the document being faxed over.
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